Center for Strategic and International Studies

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Group.png Center for Strategic and International Studies   Powerbase Sourcewatch WebsiteRdf-entity.pngRdf-icon.png
Csis.png
AbbreviationCSIS
MottoNalar Ajar Terusan Budi, "to think and share knowledge are the natural consequences of an enlightened mind."
Formation1971
Founder• David Abshire
• Arleigh Burke
HeadquartersWashington DC
Type• private
• think tank
Sponsored byCarnegie Corporation, Charles Stewart Mott Foundation, Hewlett Foundation, MacArthur Foundation, Norway/Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Open Philanthropy, Open Society Foundations
Membership• John J. Hamre
• Thomas J. Pritzker
• Sam Nunn
• Brent Scowcroft
• Richard Armitage
• Brendan Bechtel
• Othman Benjelloun
• Erskine Bowles
• William E. Brock
• Sue M. Cobb
• William S. Cohen
• Lester Crown
• William Daley
• Andreas C. Dracopoulos
• Stanley F. Druckenmiller
• Jonathan B. Fairbanks
• Michael P. Galvin
• Helene Gayle
• Evan Greenberg
• Maurice R. Greenberg
• John H. Hammergren
• Linda W. Hart
• Benjamin W. Heineman Jr.
• John B. Hess
• Carla Hills
• Ray Hunt
• Fred C. Iklé
• James L. Jones Jr.
• William T. Keevan
• Fred Khosravi
• Ronald Kirk
• Henry A. Kissinger
• Kenneth G. Langone
• Howard Leach
• W. James McNerney Jr
• Phebe Novakovic
• Joseph S. Nye Jr.
• Leon Panetta
• William K. Reilly
• Charles A. Sanders
• Bob Schieffer
• Frederick W. Smith
• Julie Sweet
• Andrew C. Taylor
• Frances F. Townsend
• Byron D. Trott
• Romesh Wadhwani
• Darren W. Woods
• William H. Frist
• John Warner
• Arleigh Burke
• David Abshire
• Ray Cline
• Walter Laqueur
• Michael Ledeen
• Penelope Hartland-Thunberg
• William Hyland
• Edward Luttack
• William E. Colby
• Ray Cline
• John Connally
• Claire Sterling
• James Theberge
• Peter F. Krogh
• David M. Abshire
• Anne Armstrong
• Murray Weidenbaum
• R. James Woolsey
• Arnaud de Borchgrave
• Daniel Benjamin
• Henrietta Fore
• Richard Burt
• William H. Frist
• James E. Cartwright
• Seth G. Jones
• Jacob Kurtzer
• Quentin Lopinot
• Edmund Xavier Loughran
• Christian Man
• Richard M. Rossow
• Daniel F. Runde
• Gregory Sanders
• Jonathan E. Hillman
• Seth Center
• Matthew P. Goodman
• Karl-Theodor zu Guttenberg
• Kevin Rudd
• Radoslaw Sikorski
• Wesley Clark
• Ed Giambastiani
• Sean O'Keefe
• Peter Pace
• Thomas R. Pickering
• Joseph W. Ralston
• J. Stapleton Roy
• Robert Conquest
• David J. Kramer
• Michèle Flournoy
• Zalmay Khalilzad
• Nicholas Eberstadt
• Karin von Hippel
• Robert Day
• Juan Zarate
• Kathleen Hicks
• Christine Wormuth
• Robin Shepherd
• Giselle Donnelly
• Doug Fears
• Michael Quinlan
• Sam Nunn
• David M. Abshire
• Anne Armstrong
• Betty Stanley Beene
• Reginald K. Brack
• William E. Brock
• Harold Brown
• Zbigniew Brzezinski
• William Sebastian Cohen
• Ralph Cossa
• Douglas N. Daft
• Richard Fairbanks
• Michael P. Galvin
• John J. Hamre
• Ben W. Heineman
• Ray L. Hunt
• Henry Kissinger
• Kenneth G. Langone
• Donald B. Marron
• E. Stanley O'Neal
• Felix G. Rohatyn
• Charles A. Sanders
• James R. Schlesinger
• William A. Schreyer
• Dolores D. Wharton
• Frederick B. Whittemore
• R. James Woolsey Jr.
• Amos A. Jordan
• Leonard H. Marks
• Robert S. Strauss
• Peter F. Krogh
• Alexander C. Huang
• Alexander T. J. Lennon
• Amy Coughenour-Betancourt
• Anthony Cordesman
• Anthony T. Bryan
• Armand B. Peschard-Sverdr
• Arnaud de Borchgrave
• Bates Gill
• Bonnie Glase
• Brian Latell
• Bulent Aliriza
• Carola McGiffert
• Celeste Wallander
• Charles D. Vollmer
• Charles Doran
• Christian Beckner
• Christopher Sands
• Cory Welt
• Daniel Benjamin
• David Abshire
• David J. Smith
• Derek Mitchell
• Dong-bok Lee
• Dwight Mason
• Edward B. Atkeson
• Edward Luttwak
• George Handy
• Georges Fauriol
• Georgeta Pourchot
• Gerrit W. Gong
• Harlan Ullman
• Henrietta Holsman Fore
• Howard J. Wiarda
• Huma Malik
• Ilona Teleki
• J. Stephen Morrison
• J.W. Beagles
• Jacqueline M. Miller
• James Mann
• Jane Skanderup
• Janusz Bugajski
• Jennifer G. Cooke
• Jim LeBlanc
• Joel Wit
• Jon B. Alterman
• Julianne Smith
• Keith Bush
• Kurt Campbell
• Lee S. Wolosky
• Lloyd Vasey
• Lowell R. Fleischer
• Luis E. Giusti
• Miguel Diaz
• Mona Yacoubian
• Peter DeShazo
• Philip McLean
• Pierre Chao
• Ralph Cossa
• Ranan Lurie
• Richard Burt
• Richard Fairbanks
• Robert Ebel
• Robert Einhorn
• Robert L. Barry
• Robin Niblett
• Sarah Mendelson
• Shireen Hunter
• Sidney Weintraub
• Simon Serfaty
• Stanton H. Burnett
• Suk-woo Kim
• Teresita C. Schaffer
• Thomas K. Lee
• Tsuneo Watanabe
• William Clark Jr.
• William T. Breer
• Yoshihiro Sakai
• Yuki Tatsumi

The Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS) is a private organisation headquartered in Washington, D.C. According to its web site, it has "been dedicated to providing world leaders with strategic insights on — and policy solutions to — current and emerging global issues. CSIS is led by John J. Hamre, formerly Deputy Secretary of Defense, who has been president and CEO since April 2000." CSIS's Middle East task force includes, among others, Democratic vice presidential candidate Senator Joseph Lieberman, Republican Senator John McCain and his National Security Assistant Anthony Cordesman. [1]

Origins

CSIS was founded at Georgetown University's School of Foreign Service in 1962 by Admiral Arleigh Burke and David Abshire. According to the Washington Post it began as "a $120,000-a-year, seven-man operation based in a Georgetown townhouse". [2]

For some time CSIS had an office on the Georgetown campus, although it was administratively and financially independent of the faculty and administration of the University. Indeed according to a 1979 article students were barely aware of its presence, with a student newspaper commenting that, 'It is less familiar to most students than the terrain of the Sea of Tranquillity. Few have heard about it and among those few, misconceptions are abound.' [3]

Several of the principals were "Cold Warriors" and made a little industry out of finding "communist influence" around the world. During the war against Nicaragua, CSIS produced several documents "proving" a communist plot, etc. For many years, CSIS was also seen as a think tank where right-wing "officials-in-waiting" could wait until their next appointment in government.

During the 1970s CSIS was known for its hard-line Cold Warriors, and it is certain that many of the fellows or staff were former intelligence officials. There is no secret about this, several of them made no secret about it. When president Jimmy Carter installed Admiral Stansfield Turner as CIA director, many of the expunged operatives who had been involved in the murky side of the CIA moved to CSIS. When Reagan reappointed Casey as director of the CIA in 1980s many of the CSIS fellow migrated back to the CIA or other intelligence agencies.

CSIS is dominated by members with strong ties to the government and private industry. Sam Nunn, CSIS Chairman of the Board of Trustees, was U.S. Senator from Georgia for 24 years (1972-1996) and is currently on the boards of top US corporations and a law firm.

Personnel

Full article: Center for Strategic and International Studies/Board and Staff

CSIS personnel in the 1970s included its founder David Abshire, and most notably Henry Kissinger and Ray Cline. Other members included the "terror experts" Walter Laqueur and Michael Ledeen; a former CIA official Penelope Hartland-Thunberg; William Hyland, a former director of intelligence at the State Department; and Edward Luttack, a consultant to Senator Howard Baker on SALT. [4]

1976 Italian Conference

In early 1976, three months before the Italian election, CSIS held a conference on the 'Communist threat' to Italy. Panellists included William E. Colby, Ray Cline, John Connally, Clare Booth Luce, and Claire Sterling. A day after the conference the New Republic published an article by Claire Sterling and Michael Ledeen claiming that the Italian Communist Party had received secret funding from the Soviets. The New Republic was published by Robert J. Myers, a friend of Ray Cline. Myers appeared with Cline a January 1978 congressional hearing on the CIA and the media where he stated: "The reciprocal relationship between the CIA and the American press has been of value to both parties and often to the individuals themselves whose careers may have mutually benefited by such connections." The article was also republished just before the elections by the Rome Daily American (which was funded by the CIA). Claire Sterling and Michael Ledeen even appeared on Italian television on the night of the election. They featured as commentators from 4pm to 2am on Channel 1 which was controlled by the Christian Democrat Party - the main recipient of CIA funds in Italy. [5]

The CSIS conference on Italy also led to activism back in the U.S. As a result of the conference a political action committee was set up called Citizens' Alliance for Mediterranean Freedom. The group took out adverts in major U.S. papers urging Americans to write to any relatives in Italy and urge them to vote against the Communists. The group's executive director Bill Gill warned American journalists against talking to the Italian media, which he claimed was "Infiltrated by the Communists". Instead he suggested they consult Claire Sterling or Ray Cline if they needed information on Italian politics. [6]

Propaganda Role in the Chile Coup

CSIS provided propaganda materials used by the CIA to destabilise the Government of Chile in the run up to the 1973 coup. CSIS's director of Latin American studies James Theberge provided reports which were published in Chilean military journal and in El Mercurio. On 27 February 1973 an El Mercurio headline read: 'Chile Gives Haven to Extremist Network' and included several quotes from a forthcoming book by Theberge. The article claimed that a Korean Communist training camp had been relocated from Cuba to Chile with Allende's approval. That same year CSIS co-published with the Institute for the Study of Conflict, The Stability of the Caribbean. The book was edited by the CIA affiliated British journalist Robert Moss, and included contributions from James Theberge and the head of the Institute for the Study of Conflict Brian Crozier. [7]

In 1974 James Theberge appeared before a Congressional Sub-Committee hearing on the U.S. and Chile during Allende's rule. Accompanied by Le Cercle member, Robert Moss he read his article Kremlin's Hand in Allende's Chile, which he had prepared for a CSIS conference also attended by Moss. The first line of his article quoted a 'brilliant Peruvian Communist' who happended to have been on the CIA payroll since 1950 and had worked on propaganda operations in Mexico with William F. Buckley. [8]

Lobbying for USA influence on European policy

In 2003 the CSIS created a Declaration proposing "that US officials attend the highest-level European inter-governmental meetings", reports John Laughland, writing in Scoop Business. Laughland writes that CSIS's Declaration

proposed that US government officials be given the right to sit in on the European Union's inter-governmental conference and on meetings of its other executive bodies so that the USA can keep an eye on the direction Europe is taking. ... American politicians are now so seriously worried that the European Union might be emerging as some kind of independent force that they are trying to work out a way of preventing this from ever happening.

Laughland reports that the Declaration was signed by the following people: Madeleine K. Albright, Harold Brown, Zbigniew Brzezinski, Frank Charles Carlucci III, Warren Christopher, William Sebastian Cohen, Bob Dole, Lawrence Sidney Eagleburger, Stuart Eizenstat, Alexander Haig, Lee H. Hamilton, John Hamre, Sam Nunn, Paul O'Neill, Charles S. Robb, William Roth, and James Rodney Schlesinger:

That makes four former Secretaries of State, one former National Security Adviser, two former Secretaries for Defense, a former Secretary of the Treasury, a former Secretary of the Department of Housing and Urban Development, a former Director of the CIA, and three Senators.[9]

Reports

  • 19 November 2003, entitled Iraq: Too Uncertain To Call:
    • The report - contradicting many claims by the US administration - is based on briefings by Paul Bremer, the US de facto governor of Iraq; military commanders, unnamed intelligence officers and David Kay, the American who leads the hunt for Saddam's alleged weapons of mass destruction. It says attacks on Americans by Sunni Iraqis will continue "until the day the US leaves".
    • The report makes clear that there is no long-term future for the US military in Iraq: "Some Sunnis and others will always treat the US as "antibody" and cannot even get intelligence up to the point where [it] will stop all attacks."
    • The report is all the more devastating because of the unusual level of access provided to its author, Dr Anthony Cordesman, a specialist on Iraq. He concludes that US soldiers are dying because of the ideological approach of the administration, and "four years into office, the Bush national security team is not a team".
    • The report concludes that there is an overall problem with the US administration's advocacy of "democracy" in the Middle East. "It is largely advocating undefined slogans, not practical and balanced specifics. It was often seen as showing contempt for Arab societies, or as a prelude to new US efforts at regime change.

Board of Trustees, Expert, and Senior associates

Board of Trustees, Fellows, Non-resident fellows + some historical fellows etc, from Center for Strategic and International Studies[10]

Board of trustees member E Neville Isdell is also Chairman and Chief Executive Officer for Coca Cola[11] alongside Sam Nunn [12].

Isdell's biography goes on to report that he is also...

'chairman of the U.S.-Russia Business Council and chairman of the board of trustees of the International Business Leaders Forum (IBLF). He is a member of the board of trustees of the United States Council for International Business and the Center for Strategic and International Studies. He is also a member of the Corporate Advisory Board of the Global Business Coalition on HIV/AIDS. Isdell serves on the board of directors of SunTrust Banks Inc. and the Commerce Club and as a trustee of Emory University. He is a lifetime trustee of Pace Academy'.

Nunn's biography describes him as Co-Chairman and CEO of the Nuclear Threat Initiative (since 2001), a Director of ChevronTexaco Corporation, Dell Inc., General Electric Company, Internet Security Systems Inc. and Scientific-Atlanta Inc. Nunn's previous involvements include serving as partner in the law firm of King and Spalding (1997 to 2003) and serving as a member of the United States Senate (1972 to 1996).

 

An event carried out

EventDescription
Call to Action: CSIS-LSHTM High-Level Panel on Vaccine Confidence and MisinformationStrategic public-private master plan for medical censorship and vaccine persuasion.

 

A Quote by Center for Strategic and International Studies

PageQuoteDateSource
2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine/Preparation“The Kremlin has at least six possible military options:

1. Redeploy some of its ground forces away from the Ukrainian border—at least temporarily—if negotiations are successful but continue to aid pro-Russian rebels in Eastern Ukraine.

2. Send conventional Russian troops into the breakaway regions of Donetsk and Luhansk as unilateral “peacekeepers” and refuse to withdraw them until peace talks end successfully and Kiev agrees to implement the Minsk Accords.

3. Seize Ukrainian territory as far west as the Dnepr River to use as a bargaining chip or incorporate this new territory fully into the Russian Federation. This option is represented in Figure 2a.

4. Seize Ukrainian territory up to the Dnepr River and seize an additional belt of land (to include Odessa) that connects Russian territory with the breakaway Transdniestria Republic and separates Ukraine from any access to the Black Sea. The Kremlin would incorporate these new lands into Russia and ensure that the rump Ukrainian statelet remains economically unviable.

5. Seize only a belt of land between Russia and Transdniestria (including Mariupol, Kherson, and Odessa) to secure freshwater supplies for Crimea and block Ukraine’s access to the sea, while avoiding major combat over Kiev and Kharkiv. This option is represented in Figure 2b.

6. Seize all of Ukraine and, with Belarus, announce the formation of a new tripartite Slavic union of Great, Little, and White Russians (Russians, Ukrainians, and Belarusians). This option would involve operations represented in Figure 2a as “phase one,” with Figure 2c representing “phase two” of this option.”
13 January 2022Center for Strategic and International Studies

 

Related Quotation

PageQuoteAuthorDate
2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine/Preparation“The Kremlin has at least six possible military options:

1. Redeploy some of its ground forces away from the Ukrainian border—at least temporarily—if negotiations are successful but continue to aid pro-Russian rebels in Eastern Ukraine.

2. Send conventional Russian troops into the breakaway regions of Donetsk and Luhansk as unilateral “peacekeepers” and refuse to withdraw them until peace talks end successfully and Kiev agrees to implement the Minsk Accords.

3. Seize Ukrainian territory as far west as the Dnepr River to use as a bargaining chip or incorporate this new territory fully into the Russian Federation. This option is represented in Figure 2a.

4. Seize Ukrainian territory up to the Dnepr River and seize an additional belt of land (to include Odessa) that connects Russian territory with the breakaway Transdniestria Republic and separates Ukraine from any access to the Black Sea. The Kremlin would incorporate these new lands into Russia and ensure that the rump Ukrainian statelet remains economically unviable.

5. Seize only a belt of land between Russia and Transdniestria (including Mariupol, Kherson, and Odessa) to secure freshwater supplies for Crimea and block Ukraine’s access to the sea, while avoiding major combat over Kiev and Kharkiv. This option is represented in Figure 2b.

6. Seize all of Ukraine and, with Belarus, announce the formation of a new tripartite Slavic union of Great, Little, and White Russians (Russians, Ukrainians, and Belarusians). This option would involve operations represented in Figure 2a as “phase one,” with Figure 2c representing “phase two” of this option.”
Center for Strategic and International Studies13 January 2022

 

Employees on Wikispooks

EmployeeJobAppointedEndDescription
Robert KuppermanTerrorism specialist19792006
Walter LaqueurChairman of the International Research Council19692000
Richard McCormackSenior advisorMay 2004July 2006"Primary focus" on "geopolitics and the global economy".

 

Known members

66 of the 196 of the members already have pages here:

MemberDescription
David AbshireSpooky US diplomat with connections to "Iran-Contra"
Richard Armitage"A sophisticated member of the top echelons of the U.S. government"
Anne ArmstrongUnited States Ambassador to the United Kingdom
Daniel BenjaminCenter for Strategic and International Studies, Refugees International, "Coordinator for Counterterrorism"
Arnaud de BorchgraveSpooky journalist
Harold BrownUnited States Secretary of Defense.
Zbigniew BrzezinskiA central US Deep politician, Cercle, Bilderberg, ...
Arleigh BurkeUS admiral, one of the founders of Center for Strategic and International Studies
Richard BurtUS Deep state operative who took part in the discussion about "terrorism" at the 1986 Bilderberg. Founded Diligence
Kurt Campbell"Asia Tsar" under president Joe Biden
Wesley Clark“In 2001, in the Pentagon, a general told me : ‘I just received a classified memo from the Secretary of Defense: we will take seven countries in five years, starting with Iraq, then Syria, Lebanon, Libya, Somalia, Sudan and finally, Iran.’”
Ray ClineSenior CIA, spoke at the 1979 Jerusalem Conference on International Terrorism
William CohenUnited States Secretary of Defense 1997-2001, various deep state connections
William ColbyCIA boss who maybe became too loose-mouthed, died in suspicious circumstances
John ConnallyCorrupt Texas politician who was close to Lyndon B. Johnson. Seriously wounded while riding in John F. Kennedy's car at Dealey Plaza in Dallas. Later United States Secretary of the Treasury under Nixon.
Robert ConquestBritish historian and spook who used statistical "analysis" to reinforce the official narrative about the Soviet Union, while while secretly working for British propaganda unit.
Anthony Cordesman
Robert DayBilderberg billionaire businessman. Brookings Institution.President's Intelligence Advisory Board.
Giselle DonnellyNeocon proponent of long-term U.S. military engagement abroad
Nicholas EberstadtInvolved in a lot of deep state think tanks and planning committees.
Doug FearsUnited States Coast Guard officer working on drug interdiction.
Henrietta ForeAs Executive Director of UNICEF worked in collaboration with GAVI, CEPI and the World Health Organization, among others, to facilitate COVID-19 vaccination.
Bill Frist
Evan Greenberg2nd generation multi-Bilderberger
Maurice GreenbergUS deep state operative
Karl-Theodor zu GuttenbergBorn with silver spoon as scion of the zu Guttenberg family, but blew his political career in 2011 after academic plagiarism was discovered. Since then has stayed in spooky think-tanks.
John HamreUS MICC insider
Kathleen HicksUS deputy secretary of defense since 2021, where she will lead the modernization of nuclear weapons. Also on the 2020 CSIS High-Level Panel on Vaccine Confidence and Misinformation.
Carla Anderson HillsUS deep state functionary lawyer
Karin von HippelDirector General of RUSI; author of Democracy by Force
William HylandSpoke on The Impact Of Glasnost at the 1988 Bilderberg as editor of Foreign Affairs
Fred C. IkléUS deep state operative in the Reagan Administration, where he was proponent of psyops and supporting insurgencies. Attended Le Cercle RAND Corporation, Smith Richardson Foundation, National Endowment for Democracy , Center for Strategic and International Studies...
Zalmay KhalilzadUS deep state actor who has been central in shaping the US policy towards Afghanistan
Henry KissingerUS deep politician, 40+ Bilderbergs, Nobel peace prize, war criminal
David Kramer
Peter KroghBecame Dean of the Walsh School of Foreign Service of Georgetown University at age 32, which provides the personnel backbone for the Central Intelligence Agency, Department of Defense,State Department, and other organs of the national security state. Got job possibly after attending Bilderberg/1969. Also attended Bilderberg/1970 and at end of career Bilderberg/1994.
Walter LaqueurGerman-Jewish (later American) historian professor of History and "terror expert" who attended the 1981 Colloquium on Clandestine Collection
Michael Ledeen"Washington's neoconservative guru", Bilderberg, Le Cercle...
Edward LuttwakNeoconservative military strategist, author of Coup d'État: A Practical Handbook
Robin NiblettChatham House Director/Chief executive from 2007-2022...
Sam NunnUSDSO? Chair of the Senate Armed Services Committee, founded the Nuclear Threat Initiative, 2 Bilderbergers, participated in both Operation Dark Winter & A Spreading Plague
Sean O'Keefe
Peter Pace
Leon Panetta
Thomas PickeringSuspected US diplomat and deep politician. Highly connected
Tom PritzkerMember of one of the United States' richest families, the Chicago Pritzker family.
Michael Quinlan"the leading in-house defence intellectual MOD has possessed since World War II"
William ReillyIntroduced the "Environmental Constraints" discussion at the 1989 Bilderberg as EPA Administrator, Co-Chaired the Deepwater Horizon commission with Bob Graham
Felix RohatynNicknamed 'Felix the Fixer', a Lazard bankster who conspired with the CIA to start the 1973 coup in Chile and later led the French-American Foundation, a recruitment network to control future French leaders.
J. Stapleton RoyUS diplomat interested in Asia
... further results

 

Sponsors

EventDescription
Carnegie CorporationEstablished by Andrew Carnegie in 1911, with large grants especially to form the education sector. Lots of grants to "security" think tanks too.
Charles Stewart Mott Foundation
Hewlett FoundationHuge foundation setting the agenda by funding lots of deep state projects.
MacArthur FoundationFinances non-profit organizations and select people in approximately 50 countries around the world, buying immense cultural and political influence. It often coordinates its priorities with other deep state foundations, creating a mesh of grants, cross-grants and sub-grants that is very hard to analyze.
Norway/Ministry of Foreign AffairsA significant donor to NGOs and planning organizations. Many of the recipients dovetail with NATO objectives like regime changes and controlling the narrative.
Open PhilanthropyGrant maker funneling deep state money among other things to pandemic planning. Financed Event 201.
Open Society FoundationsA NGO operating in more countries than McDonald's. It has the tendency to support politicians (at times through astroturfing) and activists that get branded as "extreme left" as its founder is billionaire and bane of the pound George Soros. This polarizing perspective causes the abnormal influence of the OSF to go somewhat unanswered.

 

Related Document

TitleTypePublication dateAuthor(s)Description
Document:Center for Strategic and International Studies, extract from The "Terrorism" Industrybook extract1990Edward S. Herman
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References

  1. [1]
  2. James Lardner, 'Thick & Think Tank', The Washington Post, 21 September 1982
  3. Fred Landis, 'Georgetown's Ivory Tower for Old Spooks', Inquiry, 30 September 1979
  4. Fred Landis, 'Georgetown's Ivory Tower for Old Spooks', Inquiry, 30 September 1979
  5. Fred Landis, 'Georgetown's Ivory Tower for Old Spooks', Inquiry, 30 September 1979
  6. Fred Landis, 'Georgetown's Ivory Tower for Old Spooks', Inquiry, 30 September 1979
  7. Fred Landis, 'Georgetown's Ivory Tower for Old Spooks', Inquiry, 30 September 1979
  8. Fred Landis, Georgetown's Ivory Tower for Old Spooks, Inquiry, 30 September 1979
  9. John Laughland, "All News Is Lies: Becoming The 51st State", Scoop, 30 May 2003, accessed January 2009.
  10. https://www.csis.org/programs/about-us/leadership-and-staff/board-trustees
  11. Coca Cola Company E Neville Isdell Accessed 18th January 2008
  12. Coca Cola Company Sam Nunn Accessed 21st January 2008