Difference between revisions of "Assistant Secretary of State for Western Hemisphere Affairs"

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#REDIRECT[[Assistant Secretary of State for Inter-American Affairs]]
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{{employment
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|constitutes=US/Assistant Secretary of State
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|image=Western Hemisphere LamAz.png
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|wikipedia=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assistant_Secretary_of_State_for_Western_Hemisphere_Affairs
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|start=1944
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|website=http://www.state.gov/p/wha/index.htm
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}}
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The '''Assistant Secretary of State for Western Hemisphere Affairs''' is the head of the [[Bureau of Western Hemisphere Affairs]] within the [[United States Department of State]], the [[Foreign ministry|foreign affairs department]] of the [[United States]] [[Federal government in the United States|federal government]].
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The Assistant Secretary of State guides operation of the U.S. diplomatic establishment in the countries of the [[Western Hemisphere]] and advises the [[United States Secretary of State|Secretary of State]] and the [[Under Secretary for Political Affairs]]. Thus, it is manned by [[deep state operative]]s with an overall knowledge of real aims in the region, and will work with the Pentagon and the intelligence services to achieve these aims, which center around maintaining loyal governments that allow resource extraction by multinational corporations and otherwise follow orders.
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==Former titles==
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The Department of State created the position of '''Assistant Secretary of State for American Republic Affairs''' during the general reorganization of December 20, 1944, after [[United States Congress|Congress]] had authorized an increase in the number of Assistant Secretaries of State from four to six. This reorganization was the first to assign substantive designations to specific Assistant Secretary positions. The position was temporarily discontinued between June 1947 and June 1949, when American Republic Affairs were handled by an Assistant Secretary for Political Affairs.<ref name="a">https://2001-2009.state.gov/r/pa/ho/po/10357.htm </ref>
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The Department re-established the position in June 1949 after the Commission on Organization of the Executive Branch of Government recommended that certain offices be upgraded to bureau level and after Congress increased the number of Assistant Secretaries of State from six to ten. On October 3, 1949, the Department by administrative action changed the incumbent's designation to '''Assistant Secretary for Inter-American Affairs'''. The Department of State had first established a Division of Latin American Affairs in 1909.<ref name="a"/>
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==List of Assistant Secretaries of State for American Republic Affairs, 1944–1947==
 +
{| class="wikitable"
 +
!Name
 +
!Assumed office
 +
!Left office
 +
![[President of the United States|President]] served under
 +
|-
 +
|[[Nelson Rockefeller]]
 +
|December 20, 1944
 +
|August 17, 1945
 +
|[[Franklin D. Roosevelt]] and [[Harry S. Truman]]
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|-
 +
|[[Spruille Braden]]
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|October 29, 1945
 +
|June 27, 1947
 +
|[[Harry S. Truman]]
 +
|-
 +
|}
 +
 
 +
==List of Assistant Secretaries of State for Inter-American Affairs, 1949–2000==
 +
{| class="wikitable"
 +
!Name
 +
!Assumed office
 +
!Left office
 +
![[President of the United States|President]] served under
 +
|-
 +
|[[Edward G. Miller, Jr.]]
 +
|June 28, 1949
 +
|December 31, 1952
 +
|[[Harry S. Truman]]
 +
|-
 +
|[[John M. Cabot]]
 +
|March 3, 1953
 +
|March 1, 1954
 +
| rowspan="3" |[[Dwight D. Eisenhower]]
 +
|-
 +
|[[Henry F. Holland]]
 +
|March 2, 1954
 +
|September 13, 1956
 +
|-
 +
|[[Roy R. Rubottom, Jr.]]
 +
|June 18, 1957
 +
|August 27, 1960
 +
|-
 +
|[[Thomas C. Mann]]
 +
|August 28, 1960
 +
|April 20, 1961
 +
|[[Dwight D. Eisenhower]] and [[John F. Kennedy]]
 +
|-
 +
|[[Wymberley D. Coerr]] <small>(Acting)</small><ref>https://www.nytimes.com/1996/10/23/world/wymberly-der-coerr-83-ex-us-envoy-to-uruguay-and-ecuador.html</ref>
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|
 +
|
 +
| rowspan="2" |[[John F. Kennedy]]
 +
|-
 +
|[[Robert F. Woodward]]
 +
|July 17, 1961
 +
|March 17, 1962
 +
|-
 +
|[[Edwin M. Martin]]
 +
|May 18, 1962
 +
|January 2, 1964
 +
|[[John F. Kennedy]] and [[Lyndon B. Johnson]]
 +
|-
 +
|[[Thomas C. Mann]]
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|January 3, 1964
 +
|March 17, 1965
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| rowspan="4" |[[Lyndon B. Johnson]]
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|-
 +
|[[Jack Hood Vaughn]]
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|March 22, 1965
 +
|February 28, 1966
 +
|-
 +
|[[Lincoln Gordon]]
 +
|March 9, 1966
 +
|June 30, 1967
 +
|-
 +
|[[Covey T. Oliver]]
 +
|July 1, 1967
 +
|December 31, 1968
 +
|-
 +
|[[Charles A. Meyer]]
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|April 2, 1969
 +
|March 2, 1973
 +
| rowspan="2" |[[Richard Nixon]]
 +
|-
 +
|[[Jack B. Kubisch]]
 +
|May 29, 1973
 +
|September 4, 1974
 +
|-
 +
|[[William D. Rogers]]
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|October 7, 1974
 +
|June 18, 1976
 +
| rowspan="2" |[[Gerald Ford]]
 +
|-
 +
|[[Harry W. Shlaudeman]]
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|July 22, 1976
 +
|March 14, 1977
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|-
 +
|[[Terence Todman]]
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|April 1, 1977
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|June 27, 1978
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| rowspan="3" |[[Jimmy Carter]]
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|-
 +
|[[Viron P. Vaky]]
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|July 21, 1978
 +
|November 30, 1979
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|-
 +
|[[William G. Bowdler]]
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|January 4, 1980
 +
|January 16, 1981
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|-
 +
|[[Thomas O. Enders]]
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|June 23, 1981
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|June 27, 1983
 +
| rowspan="3" |[[Ronald Reagan]]
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|-
 +
|[[Langhorne A. Motley]]
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|July 12, 1983
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|July 3, 1985
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|-
 +
|[[Elliott Abrams]]
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|July 17, 1985
 +
|January 20, 1989
 +
|-
 +
|[[Bernard W. Aronson]]
 +
|June 16, 1989
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|July 2, 1993
 +
|[[George H. W. Bush]] and [[Bill Clinton]]
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|-
 +
|[[Alexander Watson (diplomat)|Alexander Watson]]
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|July 2, 1993
 +
|March 29, 1996
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| rowspan="2" |[[Bill Clinton]]
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|-
 +
|[[Jeffrey Davidow]]
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|August 7, 1996
 +
|1998
 +
|
 +
|}
 +
 
 +
==List of Assistant Secretaries of State for Western Hemisphere Affairs, 2000–present==
 +
 
 +
{| class="wikitable"
 +
!Name
 +
!Assumed office
 +
!Left office
 +
![[President of the United States|President]] served under
 +
|-
 +
|[[Peter F. Romero]]
 +
|January 4, 2001<ref>Was Acting Assistant Secretary from July 7, 1999.</ref>
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|June 4, 2001
 +
|[[Bill Clinton]] and [[George W. Bush]]
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|-
 +
|[[Otto Reich]]
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|January 11, 2002
 +
|December 2002
 +
| rowspan="2" |[[George W. Bush]]
 +
|-
 +
|[[Roger Noriega]]
 +
|2003
 +
|October 6, 2005
 +
|-
 +
|[[Thomas A. Shannon, Jr.]]
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|October 17, 2005
 +
|November 5, 2009
 +
|[[George W. Bush]] and [[Barack Obama]]
 +
|-
 +
|[[Arturo Valenzuela]]
 +
|November 10, 2009
 +
|August 31, 2011
 +
| rowspan="3" |[[Barack Obama]]
 +
|-
 +
|[[Roberta S. Jacobson]]
 +
|March 30, 2012
 +
|May 5, 2016
 +
|-
 +
|[[Mari Carmen Aponte]] <small>(Acting)</small>
 +
|May 5, 2016
 +
|January 20, 2017
 +
|-
 +
|[[Francisco Palmieri|Francisco "Paco" Palmieri]] <small>(Acting)</small>
 +
|January 20, 2017
 +
|October 15, 2018
 +
| rowspan="3" |[[Donald Trump]]
 +
|-
 +
|[[Kimberly Breier]]
 +
|October 15, 2018
 +
|August 8, 2019
 +
|-
 +
|[[Michael Kozak]]  <small>(Acting)</small>
 +
|September 13, 2019
 +
|January 20, 2021
 +
|-
 +
|[[Julie J. Chung]] <small>(Acting)</small>
 +
|January 20, 2021
 +
|
 +
|[[Joe Biden]]
 +
|}
 +
 
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{{SMWDocs}}
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==References==
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{{reflist}}

Latest revision as of 14:59, 6 April 2022


Employment.png Assistant Secretary of State for Western Hemisphere Affairs 
(US/Assistant Secretary of State)
Western Hemisphere LamAz.png
Start1944
Websitehttp://www.state.gov/p/wha/index.htm

The Assistant Secretary of State for Western Hemisphere Affairs is the head of the Bureau of Western Hemisphere Affairs within the United States Department of State, the foreign affairs department of the United States federal government.

The Assistant Secretary of State guides operation of the U.S. diplomatic establishment in the countries of the Western Hemisphere and advises the Secretary of State and the Under Secretary for Political Affairs. Thus, it is manned by deep state operatives with an overall knowledge of real aims in the region, and will work with the Pentagon and the intelligence services to achieve these aims, which center around maintaining loyal governments that allow resource extraction by multinational corporations and otherwise follow orders.

Former titles

The Department of State created the position of Assistant Secretary of State for American Republic Affairs during the general reorganization of December 20, 1944, after Congress had authorized an increase in the number of Assistant Secretaries of State from four to six. This reorganization was the first to assign substantive designations to specific Assistant Secretary positions. The position was temporarily discontinued between June 1947 and June 1949, when American Republic Affairs were handled by an Assistant Secretary for Political Affairs.[1]

The Department re-established the position in June 1949 after the Commission on Organization of the Executive Branch of Government recommended that certain offices be upgraded to bureau level and after Congress increased the number of Assistant Secretaries of State from six to ten. On October 3, 1949, the Department by administrative action changed the incumbent's designation to Assistant Secretary for Inter-American Affairs. The Department of State had first established a Division of Latin American Affairs in 1909.[1]

List of Assistant Secretaries of State for American Republic Affairs, 1944–1947

Name Assumed office Left office President served under
Nelson Rockefeller December 20, 1944 August 17, 1945 Franklin D. Roosevelt and Harry S. Truman
Spruille Braden October 29, 1945 June 27, 1947 Harry S. Truman

List of Assistant Secretaries of State for Inter-American Affairs, 1949–2000

Name Assumed office Left office President served under
Edward G. Miller, Jr. June 28, 1949 December 31, 1952 Harry S. Truman
John M. Cabot March 3, 1953 March 1, 1954 Dwight D. Eisenhower
Henry F. Holland March 2, 1954 September 13, 1956
Roy R. Rubottom, Jr. June 18, 1957 August 27, 1960
Thomas C. Mann August 28, 1960 April 20, 1961 Dwight D. Eisenhower and John F. Kennedy
Wymberley D. Coerr (Acting)[2] John F. Kennedy
Robert F. Woodward July 17, 1961 March 17, 1962
Edwin M. Martin May 18, 1962 January 2, 1964 John F. Kennedy and Lyndon B. Johnson
Thomas C. Mann January 3, 1964 March 17, 1965 Lyndon B. Johnson
Jack Hood Vaughn March 22, 1965 February 28, 1966
Lincoln Gordon March 9, 1966 June 30, 1967
Covey T. Oliver July 1, 1967 December 31, 1968
Charles A. Meyer April 2, 1969 March 2, 1973 Richard Nixon
Jack B. Kubisch May 29, 1973 September 4, 1974
William D. Rogers October 7, 1974 June 18, 1976 Gerald Ford
Harry W. Shlaudeman July 22, 1976 March 14, 1977
Terence Todman April 1, 1977 June 27, 1978 Jimmy Carter
Viron P. Vaky July 21, 1978 November 30, 1979
William G. Bowdler January 4, 1980 January 16, 1981
Thomas O. Enders June 23, 1981 June 27, 1983 Ronald Reagan
Langhorne A. Motley July 12, 1983 July 3, 1985
Elliott Abrams July 17, 1985 January 20, 1989
Bernard W. Aronson June 16, 1989 July 2, 1993 George H. W. Bush and Bill Clinton
Alexander Watson July 2, 1993 March 29, 1996 Bill Clinton
Jeffrey Davidow August 7, 1996 1998

List of Assistant Secretaries of State for Western Hemisphere Affairs, 2000–present

Name Assumed office Left office President served under
Peter F. Romero January 4, 2001[3] June 4, 2001 Bill Clinton and George W. Bush
Otto Reich January 11, 2002 December 2002 George W. Bush
Roger Noriega 2003 October 6, 2005
Thomas A. Shannon, Jr. October 17, 2005 November 5, 2009 George W. Bush and Barack Obama
Arturo Valenzuela November 10, 2009 August 31, 2011 Barack Obama
Roberta S. Jacobson March 30, 2012 May 5, 2016
Mari Carmen Aponte (Acting) May 5, 2016 January 20, 2017
Francisco "Paco" Palmieri (Acting) January 20, 2017 October 15, 2018 Donald Trump
Kimberly Breier October 15, 2018 August 8, 2019
Michael Kozak (Acting) September 13, 2019 January 20, 2021
Julie J. Chung (Acting) January 20, 2021 Joe Biden


 

Office Holders on Wikispooks

NameFromTo
Michael Kozak13 September 201920 January 2021
Roberta Jacobson31 July 20115 May 2016
Tom Shannon17 October 200510 November 2009
Otto Reich11 January 200222 November 2002
Elliott Abrams17 July 198520 January 1989
Thomas O. Enders23 June 198127 June 1983
Terence Todman1 April 197727 June 1978
William D. Rogers7 October 197418 June 1976
Lincoln Gordon19661968
John Moors Cabot3 March 19531 March 1954
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References

  1. ↑ a b https://2001-2009.state.gov/r/pa/ho/po/10357.htm
  2. ↑ https://www.nytimes.com/1996/10/23/world/wymberly-der-coerr-83-ex-us-envoy-to-uruguay-and-ecuador.html
  3. ↑ Was Acting Assistant Secretary from July 7, 1999.
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