Difference between revisions of "1870"

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== Events ==
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=== January–March ===
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* [[January 10]] – [[John D. Rockefeller]] incorporates [[Standard Oil]].
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* [[February 9]] – The U.S. Army [[Weather Bureau]] is created within the [[Army Signal Corps]].
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* [[February 12]] – [[Women's suffrage]]: Women gain the [[right to vote]] in [[Utah Territory]].
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* [[February 23]] – Military control of [[Mississippi]] ends, and it is readmitted to the Union.
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* [[February 26]] – In New York City, the first [[pneumatic]] [[rapid transit|subway]] is opened, [[Beach Pneumatic Transit]].
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* [[February 26]] – The German ''[[Commerzbank]]'' is founded in [[Hamburg]].
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* [[February 27]] – The ''circle of the sun'' [[flag of Japan]] is adopted as the national flag for Japanese merchant ships, by proclamation of the [[Daijō-kan]].
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* [[March]] – The [[Mitsubishi]] Company is established in Japan as a [[shipping]] firm, by [[Iwasaki Yatarō]] with [[Thomas Blake Glover]].
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* [[March 1]] – [[Battle of Cerro Corá]], [[Paraguay]]: Marshal [[Francisco Solano López]]'s last troops are cornered by those of the Triple Alliance. López refuses to surrender and is killed, ending the [[Paraguayan War]].
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* [[March 4]] – [[Red River Rebellion]]: [[Thomas Scott (Orangeman)|Thomas Scott]] is executed by [[Louis Riel]]'s provisional government, in modern-day [[Manitoba]], Canada.
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* [[March 10]] – The ''[[Deutsche Bank]]'' is founded in Berlin.
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* [[March 18]] – [[Female Infanticide Prevention Act, 1870]], passed in British India.
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=== April–June ===
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* [[May 20]] – [[Charles Craufurd Hay]] becomes acting [[Cape Colony#Governors of the Cape of Good Hope (1797–1910)|Governor of the Cape of Good Hope]], and [[High Commissioner for Southern Africa]].
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* [[June 8]] – The final splice on the first [[telegraph]] submarine cable between [[Great Britain]] and [[India]] is made.
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* [[June 23]] The first message by [[electric telegraph]] using the [[Great Britain]] to [[India]] submarine cable is sent from [[London]].
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* [[June 28]] &ndash; American President [[Ulysses S. Grant]] signs an act making the [[United States Independence Day]]  [[Thanksgiving Day (United States)|Thanksgiving Day]], [[Christmas Day]] and [[New Year's Day]] federal holidays in the United States.<ref>http://time.com/4608452/christmas-america-national-holiday/</ref>
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=== July&ndash;September ===
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* [[July 14]] &ndash; The [[Ems Dispatch]] is published, serving as ''[[casus belli]]'' for a war between [[Prussia]] and France.
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* [[July 15]] - [[Reconstruction Era]]: [[Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]] becomes the last former [[Confederate States of America|Confederate]] state to be readmitted to the Union.
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* [[July 18]] &ndash; ''[[Pastor aeternus]]'': [[Pope Pius IX]] declares [[papal infallibility]], in matters of faith and morals.
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* [[July 19]] &ndash; [[Franco-Prussian War]]: France declares war on [[Prussia]].
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* [[July 30]] &ndash; The '[[Griqualand West#Diggers Republic (1870-71)|Diggers' Republic]]' is proclaimed at Klipdrift in South Africa by diamond miners, with [[Stafford Parker]] as president.
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* [[August 8]] &ndash; The [[Republic of Ploiești]], an uprising against [[Domnitor]] [[Carol I of Romania|Carol]] of [[Romania]], fails.
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* [[August 24]] &ndash; The [[Red River Rebellion]] in Canada ends with the arrival of the [[Wolseley Expedition]] and the flight of [[Louis Riel]].
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* [[September 2]] &ndash; [[Franco-Prussian War]]: [[Battle of Sedan]] &ndash; [[Prussia]]n forces defeat the French armies, and take Emperor [[Napoleon III]] and 100,000 of his soldiers prisoner at [[Sedan, France|Sedan]].
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* [[September 4]] &ndash; Emperor [[Napoleon III]] of France is deposed, and the [[French Third Republic|Third Republic]] is declared. [[Empress Eugénie]] flees to England with her children.
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* [[September 19]] &ndash; [[Franco-Prussian War]]: The [[Siege of Paris (1870–71)|Siege of Paris]] begins.
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* [[September 20]] &ndash; With ''[[Bersaglieri]]'' soldiers [[Capture of Rome|entering Rome]] at [[Porta Pia]], the [[unification of Italy]] is completed, ending the last remnant of the [[Papal States]] and [[Temporal power (papal)|Papal temporal power]].
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=== October&ndash;December ===
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* [[October 2]] &ndash; A [[Referendum|plebiscite]] held in Rome supports, by 133,681 votes to 1,507, the annexation of the city by Italy.
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* [[October 6]] &ndash; Rome becomes the capital of [[Italy]].
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* [[October 8]] &ndash; [[Léon Gambetta]] escapes besieged Paris in a [[hot-air balloon]].
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* [[October 20]] &ndash; The [[First Vatican Council]] adjourns.
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* [[October 26]] &ndash; The Chinese leaders of June's [[Tianjin Massacre]] of foreigners are executed by the China's Imperial government.
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* [[October 27]] &ndash; [[Franco-Prussian War]]: [[Siege of Metz (1870)|Siege of Metz]] &ndash; Marshal [[François Achille Bazaine]], commanding the French left wing, is forced by starvation to surrender the [[fortifications of Metz]].
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* [[November 12]] &ndash; [[Dresdner Bank]] is founded in Germany.
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* [[November 16]] &ndash; The Spanish [[Cortes Generales]] proclaims Amadeo de Saboya as King [[Amadeus I of Spain]].
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* [[December 28]] &ndash; [[Juan Prim]], prime minister of Spain, is shot by unknown assassins on leaving the Cortes, dying two days later.
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* [[December 31]]
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** [[Henry Barkly|Sir Henry Barkly]] is appointed [[Cape Colony#Governors of the Cape of Good Hope (1797–1910)|Governor of the Cape of Good Hope]], and [[High Commissioner for Southern Africa]].
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** The {{convert|12.8|km|mi|abbr=on}} [[Fréjus Rail Tunnel]] through the [[Alps]] is completed.
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=== Date unknown ===
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* [[Japanese yen]] currency is introduced to supersede the [[Japanese mon (currency)|mon]].
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* Just one of the 916 members of the [[Indian Civil Service]] is Indian.
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==References==
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{{Reflist}}

Latest revision as of 01:12, 2 March 2021

1860 < 1861 < 1862 < 1863 < 1864 < 1865 < 1866 <1867 < 1868 < 1869 < 1870 > 1871 > 1872 > 1873 > 1874 > 1875 > 1876 > 1877 > 1878 > 1879 > 1880
Decade.png ( 1870s: )    Year.png 1870 Rdf-entity.pngRdf-icon.png
US-DeptOfJustice-Seal.svg
year 1870

Events

January–March


April–June

July–September

October–December

Date unknown





 

Events

EventStartEnd
Pax Brittanica18151915
Victorian era18401901

 

New Groups

GroupImageTypeDescription
Stevens Institute of TechnologySeal of Stevens Institute of Technology.pngNew Jersey private University
Fettes CollegeFettes College Crest.png'The Scottish Eton'
Georgetown University/Law CenterGroup.pngMilitary ranks
University of PortsmouthUoP 2017 Logo.jpgPublicUniversity in the city of Portsmouth,, England.
Syracuse UniversitySyracuse University seal.pngPrivate research universityUniversity in update New York. Joe Biden's alma mater
Canisius CollegeCanisius College logo.jpgMilitary ranks
Society of Jesus		Jesuit college in Buffalo,New York State
German Federal Foreign OfficeAuswärtiges Amt Logo.pngThe German Foreign Ministry
Loyola UniversityLoyolaUniversityChicagoSeal.pngResearch
Military ranks
Non-profit
Coeducational
Society of Jesus		Chicago private Catholic university
Ohio State UniversityOhio State University seal.pngPublicLand grantSea grantSpace grantWith nearly 50,000 undergraduate students and nearly 15,000 graduate students, Ohio State is one of the largest American universities.
University of AkronUniversity of Akron seal.pngResearch
Public		State university in Akron, Ohio
US/DOJUS-DeptOfJustice-Seal.svgLawAs a former associate editor of the Wall Street Journal summarised "Justice is something that exists outside the borders of the United States. Never expect to find justice within the United States."

 

==A Quotation== 

Births

TitleBornPlace of birthDiedSummaryDescription
Robert Coryndon2 April 1870South Africa10 February 1925Civil servantOne of Cecil Rhodes's "twelve apostles"
Vladimir Lenin22 April 1870Simbirsk
Russia/Tsarist Russia		21 January 1924Politician
Lawyer
Revolutionary		Russian communist revolutionary, a big contributor to later communist ideologies, founded the Soviet Union. Started the "red terror" - a mass campaign of political repression and executing 100.000 to 200.000 political dissidents in 1918.
Homer Stille Cummings30 April 1870Chicago
Illinois		10 September 1956LawyerUnited States Attorney General from 1933 to 1939.
Pierre Jay4 May 187024 November 1949Central bankerFirst chairman of the New York Federal Reserve in 1913
Jan Smuts24 May 1870Cape Colony
Bovenplaats		11 September 1950Soldier
Politician
Deep state operative		UK Deep state operative and twice Prime Minister of South Africa
Reginald Hall28 June 1870Britford
Wiltshire		22 October 1943Spook
Mariner
Bernard Baruch19 August 1870Camden
South Carolina		20 June 1965
Thomas Lamont30 September 1870New York
Claverack		2 February 1948Banker
José María Moncada Tapia8 December 187023 February 1945
Patrick Duncan21 December 187017 July 1943Deep state operativeMember of the Milner Group/Inner Circle, sixth Governor-General of South Africa
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References

  1. ↑ http://time.com/4608452/christmas-america-national-holiday/
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