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 ( 1960s: )  1961    | |
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 Outgoing US President Eisenhower delivered a fateful warning to the US public that "we must guard against the acquisition of unwarranted influence, whether sought or unsought, by the military–industrial complex." |
1961 began with a warning by outgoing US President General Eisenhower about the danger of the military–industrial complex gaining power over the US democratic process. The assassination of his successor, John F. Kennedy, less than 3 years later, was to dramatically illustrate how prescient were Eisenhower's words, which are at least as relevant today as when he spoke them back in January 1961.
Contents
Eisenhower's warning
Outgoing US President General Eisenhower well understood how the desire of Wall Street for profits-at-all-costs represented a threat to the democratic system. On January 17, 1961, his final televised Address to the Nation addressed the rise of the what he famously referred to as "the military–industrial complex". It went more of less unheeded by the commercially-controlled media.[citation needed] The Defense Intelligence Agency was formed in 1961[Why?], as was Operation 40's Interpen group, intended for assassination Fidel Castro, but which whch played some part in the 1963 assassination of John F. Kennedy.
Bay of Pigs Invasion
- Full article: Bay of Pigs Invasion
- Full article: Bay of Pigs Invasion
In May 1961, the Bay of Pigs Invasion proved a military disaster for the CIA, due to lack of air cover. In fact, this may not have been accidental. Historians have argued that failure was the planned result, since many of those involved were killed and JFK was blamed for lack of support for the venture. Naturally this angered the Cuban expat community within the CIA. These made up the majority of Operation 40, which was exploited by the deep politicians who organised the JFK assassination.
Arms Race
In 1961, the Soviet Union tested a 57 Megaton bomb - equal to 1400 times the bomb dropped on Hiroshima.
Assassination of Patrice Lumumba
- Full article: Patrice Lumumba/Murder
- Full article: Patrice Lumumba/Murder
A CIA-backed coup in the Congo removed Patrice Lumumba from power. Their expertise in assassinations, gathered abroad, was to be used in USA throughout the [1960s]] so dramatically as to lead to the House Select Committee on Assassinations.
Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs
- Full article:
Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs
- Full article:
In 1961, the Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs made a number of drugs effectively illegal worldwide, including cocaine. Drafting of the treaty began in 1948.
Related Quotation
| Page | Quote | Author | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Interpen | “Interpen (Intercontinental Penetration Force) was established in 1961 by Gerry P. Hemming. Other members included Loran Hall, Roy Hargraves, William Seymour, Lawrence Howard, Steve Wilson, Howard K. Davis, Edwin Collins, James Arthur Lewis, Dennis Harber, Bill Dempsey, Dick Whatley, Ramigo Arce, Ronald Augustinovich, Joe Garman, Edmund Kolby, Ralph Schlafter, Manuel Aguilar and Oscar Del Pinto. A recently declassified document says that in 1962, Robert Emmett Johnson was a member of Interpen. Later that year Johnson invited Robert K. Brown (USAR/CounterIntelligence Corps) to a meeting in Miami. Brown was the publisher of Alberto Bayo's 100 Questions for a Guerrilla. This book included an article written by Ulius Amoss called Leaderless Resistance which "referred to the proper strategy for conducting resistance operations against Castro and inside/outside of Cuba". The document also goes onto say: "Also included were numerous fotos of the G/W instructor cadre of InterPen which were taken by Brown at the Everglades training camp." Interpen was also involved in training members of the anti-Castro groups funded by people like Roland Masferrer, Carlos Prio and Santos Trafficante. When the government began to crack down on raids from Florida in 1962, Interpen set up a new training camp in New Orleans. The group carried out a series of raids on Cuba in an attempt to undermine the government of Fidel Castro. These stories were reported by the photo-journalist, Tom Dunkin, for Life Magazine. Roy Hargraves working closely with Felipe Vidal Santiago, carried out a series of raids on Cuba in the 1960s (23 in 1962). This involved a plan to create a war by simulating an attack on Guantanamo Naval Base. In 1963 Hargraves led a team of exiles in a successful raid on Cuba. After capturing two Cuban fishing boats Hargraves took them to the Bahamas. Some members such as William Seymour and Edwin Collins, worked with Bernardo De Torres on non-Interpen operations in 1963. Declassified FBI files show that the agency had an informer within Interpen. His code name was MM T-1. In one document dated 16th June, 1961, it said that MM T-1 had “been connected with Cuban revolutionary activities for the past three years”. One document dated 12th May, 1961, claims that Allen Lushane of Miami “had made a trip to Texas to recruit Americans for some future military action against the Government of Cuba”. The document adds that the “first training camp was established by Gerald Patrick Hemming with Dick Watley and Ed Colby running the camp.” In an interview that he gave to John M. Newman on 6th January, 1995, Hemming claims that the FBI informer was Steve Wilson. Some researchers believe that a combination of Interpen members, CIA agents and anti-Castro Cubans were involved in the assassination of John F. Kennedy. This included James Arthur Lewis, Roy Hargraves, Edwin Collins, Steve Wilson, Gerry P. Hemming, David Morales, Herminio Diaz Garcia, Tony Cuesta, Eugenio Martinez, Virgilio Gonzalez, Felipe Vidal Santiago, Robert Emmett Johnson, Carl E. Jenkins, Chi Chi Quintero and William Robertson.<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a>” | John Simkin | 20 May 2015 |
Events
| Event | Start | End | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Operation Bootstrap | 1930 | 1970 | Between 1930 and 1970, around one third of all women in the US territory of Puerto Rico were sterilized |
| Tuskegee syphilis experiment | 1932 | 1972 | A murderous experiment which looked at the progression of syphilis. Subjects were told that they were being treated, while in fact treatment was denied them. Exposed after 40 years by a whistleblower who went to the press. |
| Operation Paperclip | 8 May 1945 | 1990 | A transfer of top German scientists to USA. |
| Cold War | 1947 | 26 September 1991 | The official narrative had 2 diametrically opposed systems locked in combat with one another since soon after WW2. Each of the "superpowers" and its team of allies needed to outdo each other by creating ever more and deadlier weapons, creating a kind of perpetual war for perpetual peace, with the warring parties engaging mainly in covert/proxy wars. Deep state interests blossomed in the climate of fear and paranoia. |
| General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade | 1 January 1948 | 1 January 1995 | James Goldsmith: "global free trade will destroy nations" |
| Operation Demagnetize | 1948 | 1980 | "The institutional hardening of Gladio", an expansion of Gladio in the late 1940s, early 1950s. |
| Project AERODYNAMIC | 1949 | 1970 | Program to provide funding and equipment for anti-Soviet resistance groups in Ukraine |
| Lockheed/Bribery scandals | 1950 | 1976 | A series of bribes made by officials of the U.S. aerospace company Lockheed from the late 1950s to the 1970s in the process of negotiating the sale of aircraft. |
| Project Ulysses | 1950 | 1968 | Mossad covert operation to infiltrate and subvert the Palestinian political leadership |
| Operation Midnight Climax | 1953 | 1966 | A "free-wheeling illicit criminal" CIA project which filmed the effects of prostitutes dosing up victims with drugs such as LSD. |
| Project MKUltra | 13 April 1953 | 1973 | An illegal mind control research programme, where psychoactive drugs (especially LSD) and other chemicals, electroshocks, hypnosis, sensory deprivation, isolation, verbal and sexual abuse, in addition to other forms of torture were used to gain control of individuals. |
| Algerian War | 1 November 1954 | 19 March 1962 | The Algerian War of Independence |
| COINTELPRO | 1956 | 1971 | Series of covert and illegal projects aimed at subversion of 1960s left wing movements |
| Vietnam War | December 1956 | 30 April 1975 | The Vietnam War was a proxy war lead by US that occurred in Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia from December 1956 to the fall of Saigon on 30 April 1975. Millions of people were killed, mostly Vietnamese. JFK was assassinated soon after declaring his intent to withdraw US troops. The war helped the CIA to refine its methods of illegal drug trafficking, torture and the like. |
| Operation Snow White | 1960 | 1979 | Religious cult breaks into 100s of international government buildings to remove their own names, is not banned. |
| 1960s/Counterculture | 1960 | 1970 | An anti-establishment cultural phenomenon and political movement that developed in the Western world during the mid-20th century |
| Congolese Operation | 5 July 1960 | 25 November 1965 | |
| Patrice Lumumba/Assassination | 17 January 1961 | 17 January 1961 | A US Deep state backed assassination, ordered by Allen Dulles, which was followed by decades of bloody violence. |
| JFK/Presidency | 20 January 1961 | 22 November 1963 | The JFK administration |
| Bilderberg/1961 | 21 April 1961 | 23 April 1961 | The 10th Bilderberg, the first in Canada and the 2nd outside Europe. |
| Bay of Pigs Invasion | 20 May 1961 | 20 May 1961 | A deliberately botched attempt to invade Cuba by the CIA, devised as a way to entrap JFK into full scale military action against Cuba. Unsuccessful, since JFK however refused to be manipulated. |
| Dag Hammarskjöld/Assassination | 18 September 1961 | 18 September 1961 | A highly suspicious air event that killed UN Secretary-General Dag Hammarskjöld |
New Groups
| Group | Image | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| American Institute for Free Labor Development |  | ||
| University of Dar es Salaam |  | Public | Main university in Tanzania |
| US/Senate/Special Committee on Aging | | Studies issues related to older Americans, particularly Medicare and Social Security | |
| Amnesty International |  | NGO | "Effectively, Amnesty International and AIUSA function as tools for the imperialist, colonial and genocidal policies of the United States, Britain, and Israel." Revolving leadership door with US government. |
| Organisation armée secrète |  | French terrorist organzation with Gladio ties | |
| OECD |  | IGO | Dedicate itself to help "democracy" and a "good world economy". Originally started to fund Western Europe in the cold war. |
| Hudson Institute |  | "An independent research organization promoting new ideas for the advancement of global security, prosperity and freedom" | |
| Vaduz Institute | | A tight-knit circle of conservative politicians, managers and military strategists who continue to meet in Vaduz, Liechtenstein, four times a year. | |
| Interpen |  | An off the books assassination squad connected to a lot of murders possibly on the orders of the US Deep state. | |
| Atlantic Council |  | Think tank | Key part of the modern military-industrial congressional complex. |
| James Cook University |  | Public | Australian university invested in the climate change agenda, and firing academics if they disagree. |
| Alpha 66 |  | "Terrorist" | |
| Atlantic Council/Corporate Members | | Corporate Members of the Atlantic Council per 2020 | |
| Interdoc | | An "information and documentation centre" which specialised in research on the European left. Spooky anti-communist group. | |
| Atlantic Institute | | Transatlantic | Transatlantic think tank with similar goals to the Trilateral Commission, operational 1961-1988. |
| Florida Atlantic University |  | Public | Dismissed Professor James F. Tracy after he was criticised by commercially-controlled media |
| Korean Central Intelligence Agency | | So dependent on the CIA they didn't bother to change the name. | |
| The Britain-Russia Centre and the British East-West Centre | | ||
| New Democratic Party (Canada) | | ||
| DIA | _seal.png) | Intelligence agency |
Groups that were Wound Up
| Group | Image | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Counterintelligence Corps |  | U.S. intelligence service active from 1941 to 1961. It became noticeable for recruiting and protecting former German and other Axis operatives; including by operating "ratlines" to South America. Conducted large-scale surveillance in the United States itself. | |
| OEEC | | IGO | The Organisation for European Economic Co-operation |
| Operations Coordinating Board | | An informal and secretive committee of the US National Security Council in the 1950s. |
==Quotations==
Deaths
| Title | Born | Died | Place of death | Cause of death | Summary | Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ulius Amoss | 1895 | 1961 | Spook | OSS member | ||
| Horace Rowan Gaither | 1909 | 1961 | Cancer | Banker Lawyer Deep state functionary | US deep state functionary who headed up the Ford Foundation 1953-56 | |
| E. G. Focke | 1914 | 1961 | In attendance at the first Bilderberg and two further Bilderbergs | |||
| Hans Hirschfeld | 1899 | 1961 | Diplomat Economist | Dutch economist/diplomat. Rapporteur in the attendance list of the first Bilderberg. | ||
| Patrice Lumumba | 2 July 1925 | 17 January 1961 | Élisabethville Katanga | Politician | The first democratically elected Prime Minister of the Republic of the Congo, abducted, tortured and murdered. Foreign intelligence service involvement is strongly suspected. | |
| Thomas Anthony Dooley III | 17 January 1927 | 18 January 1961 | Cancer | Spook Doctor | Doctor who was CIA operative. Collected intelligence under medical cover. After his death, it was discovered numerous descriptions of atrocities by the Viet Minh in his hugely influential book Deliver Us From Evil had been fabricated. | |
| Oswald Rayner | 29 November 1888 | 6 March 1961 | Oxfordshire Botley UK | Spook | ||
| Vicente Leon Leon | April 1961 | Died during the failed Bay Of Pigs invasion. | ||||
| Rafael Trujillo | 24 October 1891 | 30 May 1961 | Dominican Republic (now Santo Domingo Ciudad Trujillo | Soldier | President of the Dominican Republic - assassinated with weapons supplied by the CIA | |
| Clinton Golden | 16 November 1888 | 12 June 1961 | Pennsylvania Philadelphia | Academic Labor leader | Anti-communist labor union leader. Double Bilderberger | |
| Ernest Hemingway | 21 July 1899 | 2 July 1961 | US Idaho Ketchum | Gunshot | American author hounded by the FBI | |
| Whittaker Chambers | 1 April 1901 | 9 July 1961 | Maryland Westminster | Author Spook Editor | ||
| Joseph Ball | 1 September 1885 | 10 July 1961 | Spook Politician Lawyer Deep state operative Businessperson | British spook who forged the Zinoviev Letter to bring down the first British Labour Party government in 1924. "Ball also had a keen understanding of the dark arts of political manipulation, a readiness to use all means at his disposal and an ability to keep himself out of the limelight... he knew how to lie and how to keep a secret." | ||
| Hanns Seidel | 12 October 1901 | 5 August 1961 | Germany Munich | Politician | ||
| David Petrie | 9 September 1879 | 7 August 1961 | Devon Sidmouth | Spook Police officer | Wartime head of MI6 after just 5 years in the organisation. | |
| Walter Bedell Smith | 5 October 1895 | 9 August 1961 | Washington DC | Spook Soldier | ||
| Preston Delano | 2 April 1886 | 31 August 1961 | Washington DC | Banker Investment counselor Businessperson | Comptroller of the Currency 1938-53, to "charter, regulate, and supervise all national banks". | |
| David Bowes-Lyon | 2 May 1902 | 13 September 1961 | Spook | Father-in-law of queen Elizabeth 2. Member of the propaganda unit Political Warfare Executive during World War 2. | ||
| Fatin Rüştü Zorlu | 20 April 1910 | 16 September 1961 | Turkey Yassıada | Hanging | Diplomat Politician | Turkish diplomat and politician executed after the 1960 Turkish coup d'état, along with two other politicians. |
| Adnan Menderes | 1899 | 17 September 1961 | Turkey İmralı | Politician | Turkish PM for 10 years. In this role he attended 2 Bilderbergs in the 1950s. After trying to balance the United States against the Soviet Union by successfully getting a Soviet loan, he was toppled in the CIA-supported 1960 coup d'état, after which he he was executed. | |
| Dag Hammarskjöld | 29 July 1905 | 18 September 1961 | Ndola Rhodesia and Nyasaland | Author Diplomat Economist | The 2nd Secretary-General of the United Nations who died in highly suspicious circumstances while trying to make peace in the Congo. | |
| Oreste Pinto | 9 October 1889 | 18 September 1961 | London UK | Spook | ||
| Charles Wilson | 18 July 1890 | 26 September 1961 | US Louisiana Norwood | Engineer Businessperson | ||
| Rubén López Sabariego | 11 June 1917 | 30 September 1961 | Guantanamo Province | Bus driver | Cuban bus driver tortured and killed at US naval base Guantanamo | |
| Louis Rwagasore | 10 January 1932 | 13 October 1961 | Shooting | Politician | "the Burundian Lumumba", assassinated by the Belgians. | |
| Harry Crookshank | 27 May 1893 | 17 October 1961 | London Chelsea | UK MP | ||
| Luigi Einaudi | 24 March 1874 | 30 October 1961 | Italy Rome Latium 7) | Politician Economist Central banker | President of Italy for 7 years after WW2 | |
| Sam Rayburn | 6 January 1882 | 16 November 1961 | US Texas Bonham | Lawyer | ||
| Josefa Johnson | 1912 | 25 December 1961 | Cerebral hemorrhage | Lyndon Johnson/Body count | Sister of Lyndon B. Johnson, premature death. |
Births
| Title | Born | Place of birth | Died | Summary | Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sergei Glazyev | 1 January 1961 | Ukraine Zaporizhia | Politician | Russian politician, economist and full member of Russian Academy of Science since 2008 | |
| Adam LeBor | 1961 | London UK | Author Journalist | An author with an interest in history and the BIS | |
| Charles Shoebridge | 1961 | Author Soldier Broadcaster Police officer "Terror expert" | |||
| Michael Ratney | 1961 | Diplomat | US envoy on Syria kicked out for not being friendly to Israel. | ||
| Rohan Gunaratna | 1961 | Academic "Terror expert" | |||
| Alexis Papahelas | 1961 | Greece Athens | Journalist Editor | US-educated Greek journalist and editor who has visited 5 Bilderberg meetings. | |
| Scott Malcomson | 1961 | US California | Author Editor Businessperson | Bilderberger CFR "political-risk and communications consultant" | |
| Philip Lowe | 1961 | Australia New South Wales | Economist Central banker | Governor of the Reserve Bank of Australia | |
| Michael O'Hanlon | 1961 | Deep state operative | Suspected US deep state operative who co-authored Protecting the American Homeland - A Preliminary Analysis for Brookings | ||
| George Gao | 1961 | Virologist | Chinese virologist and immunologist who participated in the notorious Event 201 and the 2021 Monkeypox Tabletop Exercise | ||
| Kiron Skinner | 1961 | Academic Deep state functionary | Former Director of Policy Planning | ||
| Shen Dingli | 1961 | Academic | Professor of international relations at Fudan University. Post-docorate from Princeton University | ||
| Fergus Walsh | 1961 | UK | Propagandist | BBC News Medical Editor despite having no medical qualifications. Also has huge conflict of interest, as wife is Big Pharma manager. | |
| Aziz Akhannouch | 1961 | Morocco | Politician Billionaire | New Moroccan Prime Minister | |
| Carlos Del Toro | 1961 | Cuba Havana | Businessperson | United States Secretary of the Navy under Joe Biden | |
| Harry Ferguson | 1961 | Whistleblower Spook | A spook who admits that the UK tortured IRA members in Northern Ireland. | ||
| Julie Brown | 1961 | Journalist | Journalist with the Miami Herald who pursued the sex trafficking story surrounding Jeffrey Epstein | ||
| Robert Hersov | 1961 | Banker Billionaire | Billionaire banker in Epstein's black book. His father attended Le Cercle | ||
| Celeste Wallander | 1961 | Spook Deep state operative | US deep state operative who attended Bilderberg/2022. | ||
| Ashley Tellis | 1961 | India Mumbai | Academic | CFR Bilderberg academic specializing in India | |
| Livia Leu | 1961 | Switzerland Zurich | Diplomat Civil servant | Head of the Swiss Federal Department of Foreign Affairs | |
| Eva Andersson-Dubin | 1961 | Doctor Model | Former Miss Sweden who dated Jeffrey Epstein for 11 years, then married hedge fund billionaire Glenn Dubin. Mentioned in Epstein's Black book, flew the Lolita Express. | ||
| Sean Joyce | 1961 | Massachusetts Brockton | Police officer | Deputy Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation 2011-2013 | |
| Sharyl Attkisson | 1961 | Journalist | US journalist and television correspondent. | ||
| Hal Harvey | 1961 | US Colorado Aspen | Billionaire Deep state actor | Cut-out for Rockefeller family and Bill Gates money to capture state policies. Described as "the most powerful Green politician in the world." | |
| Martin Brudermüller | 1961 | Stuttgart | Businessperson | German Bilderberger businessman, WEF AGM habit, CEO of BASF since 2018. Predicted EU ban on Russian gas imports would destroy the German economy. | |
| Koenraad Debackere | 1961 | Belgium Ghent | Academic | Belgian academic interested in big data who went to his first Bilderberg in 2023 | |
| Nick Cohen | 1961 | Journalist | Establishment journalist who spoke at Tackling Tools of Malign Influence, an Integrity Initiative sponsored conference | ||
| Pamella Bordes | 1961 | Prostitute | Indian born mistress and escort of many persons, including Adnan Khashoggi | ||
| Miko Peled | 1961 | Israel Jerusalem | Author Activist | Israeli-American peace activist and author. Proponent of Israeli-Palestine single-state. | |
| Olivier Combe | 1961 | France Reims | Spook Police officer | ||
| C. J. Hopkins | 1961 | Playwright Comedian COVID-19/Dissident | American political satirist based in Berlin. A prominent Covid dissident, he was persecuted by the German judicial system on trumped-up charges. | ||
| John Barnett | 1961 | US South Carolina Charleston | 2024 | Whistleblower Engineer | Employee and whistleblower on Boeing. Dound dead, ruled a "suicide". |
| Tom-Jan Meeus | 1961 | Journalist | Dutch journalist for NRC Handelsblad who attended Bilderberg/2024. | ||
| Kadri Gürsel | 1961 | Turkey Istanbul | Journalist | Turkish journalist | |
| Anousheh Karvar | 1961 | Union organizer | Iranian-born French labor union leader and civil servant who attended Bilderberg/2012, where one of the topics was "What Can the West Do about Iran?". | ||
| Glenn Patterson | 1961 | Author Playwright | |||
| Ron Lloyd | 1961 | Banker | Canadian Bilderberg bankster | ||
| Annemiek Fentener van Vlissingen | 1961 | Financier | First Bilderberg in 2025 as chair of SHV Holdings | ||
| Anne Heraty | 1961 | Businessperson | First went to the Bilderberg in 2025 as Chair, Sherry Fitzgerald ana IBEC | ||
| Marilyn Gladu | 1961 | Canada | Politician | Conservative MP in Canada; member of the shadow cabinet. Advocate of hydroxychloroquine. | |
| Vladimir Potanin | 3 January 1961 | Russia Moscow | Billionaire Businessperson | Russian businessman. The 10th richest person in the world. | |
| Tim Evans | 10 January 1961 | Deep state operative | Close to a number of Foundations, World Bank, WHO. Participated in at least two pandemic planning exercises in 2019: Event 201 and A Spreading Plague | ||
| Janey Godley | 20 January 1961 | Scotland | Propagandist Comedian Actor | Scottish Nationalist, paid to promote face masks and lockdowns in a series of ad campaigns. | |
| Dionel M. Aviles | 23 January 1961 | Texas Bryan | Mariner | United States Under Secretary of the Navy 2004-2009. | |
| Mark Urban | 26 January 1961 | London Marylebone UK | Author Spook Soldier Journalist Academic Broadcaster | ||
| Frank Baker | 27 January 1961 | Diplomat | UK diplomat and ambassador | ||
| Strive Masiyiwa | 29 January 1961 | Spook Billionaire | Spooky billionaire who as African Union Special Envoy for Covid-19 response pushed COVID jabs | ||
| Nuno Morais Sarmento | 31 January 1961 | Portugal Lisbon | Politician Lawyer | Attended the 2005 Bilderberg meeting as vice-president of the (liberal-conservative) Social Democratic Party. | |
| Fatou Bensouda | 31 January 1961 | Diplomat Lawyer | Attended at least 7 Munich Security Conferences as Chief Prosecutor of the International Criminal Court | ||
| ... further results | |||||
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